Reality

• Why the next phase of decarbonisation requires system redesign
• CEWT – Carbon Recycling Technology

The Problem

• We are solving a physical problem with accounting tools.
• Balance does not change the system.

What is Net Zero?

• Net emissions = Emissions – Removals = 0
• Net Zero is a balance condition, not zero emissions.

Accounting Model

• Fossil → Energy → CO₂ → Atmosphere → Removal → Balance
• External compensation model.

Limitations

• Relies on future removals
• Emissions continue
• Time mismatch
• Global atmosphere vs local accounting.

Physical Reality

• Carbon is a flow between systems.
• The problem is flow design, not balance.

System Model (CRT)

• CO₂ Capture → H₂ → Fuel → Energy → CO₂ →

Re-capture

• Closed carbon loop.

Comparison

• Net Zero: Linear, dependent on removals
• CRT: Circular, internal loop, physics-based.

Why It Matters

• Energy demand rising
• Supply intermittent
• Reliability gap persists.

CEWT Position

• Hydrogen = energy
• Carbon = carrier
• Closed-loop architecture.

Two Paradigms

• Emit → Remove → Balance
• vs
• Capture → Reuse → Circulate

Policy Shift

• Incentivise system design
• Reward closed loops
• Focus on firm clean power.

Closing

• Net Zero balances carbon.
• System design eliminates one-way carbon flow.